Using a new "NeuroGrid" technology, scientists have found that sleep promotes communication between two brain regions whose connections are critical to the formation of memory. This research was published in the recent Science Journal.
It is well known that there is a memory-related brain region in the human brain - the hippocampus. As we sleep, the hippocampus transforms new information into permanent memory.
Dr. György Buzsáki, a senior author of the new study and a professor at New York University, found in his previous work that during sleep, the hippocampus neurons in the brain release high-frequency pulse signals, ripples, and guess that they are in memory storage. Play an important role. The new study confirms the ripples in the hippocampus during sleep, and finds ripples in certain parts of the joint cortex (the area of ​​the brain surface that deals with complex sensory information).
Using their pioneering NeuroGrid system, the researchers implanted electrodes deep into the brain and studied the activity of several parts of the rat's brain during non-REM sleep (NREM) time.
The NeuroGrid consists of a series of tiny electrodes (like a blanket line) that the researchers place in an area of ​​the brain so that each electrode can continuously monitor the activity of different neurons. "This special device allows us to simultaneously observe multiple areas of the brain," said Jennifer Gelinas, MD, the first author of the study.
The team was surprised to find that the ripples occurred simultaneously in the combined cortex and hippocampus, which meant that the two brain regions communicated with each other while the rats were asleep. Because the brain combined with the cortex is considered to be the storage location of memory, it is speculated that this neural communication can help the brain retain information.
To test this, they studied brain activity during NREM sleep in two groups of rats. One group of rats was trained to search for a reward in the maze, and the other group explored the maze in a random manner. In the latter group, fluctuations in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex are not synchronized. In trained rats, learning tasks increase communication between these areas, and the second round of training further enhances them, again indicating that this communication is important for the creation and storage of memory.
The team hopes to use NeuroGrid on people who have undergone brain surgery to determine if the same "sputum" appears in the human brain. The researchers also plan to investigate whether manipulation of nerve discharges in animals can increase or inhibit memory formation to further confirm the importance of ripples to this process.
"Identifying specific neural patterns associated with memory formation provides a possible way to better understand memory and even resolve memory impairments," Dr. Gelinas said.
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