After the Opium War, with the forced opening of China and the development of the long-distance transportation industry, daily necessities, costumes, catering, culture and entertainment, transportation and communication, municipal construction, living methods, and lifestyles embodying Western material civilization from distant Europe and the United States. Introduced to China to varying degrees. It has brought tremendous impact on the traditional social life of Chinese society, especially the opening of the trading port and its surrounding areas, and has formed the mainstream of the blending of Chinese and Western cultures.
Western lifestyles were first and foremost popular in the concession, and diplomats, missionaries, explorers, industrialists, businessmen, and a large number of accompanying expatriates from Western powers brought their Western material civilization and their pride in their respective concessions. lifestyle. At the same time, with the rise of the Chinese Westernization Movement and the enhancement of the strength of the Westernization Movement, the upper echelons of China have also begun to look at foreign objects from "smart skills" to "imitation of foreign exchanges," from "the worst foreign goods" to the history of furniture. The change of "taking the ocean as the best".
Soft furniture such as sofas were also introduced to China during this period. Twenty-three years of Daoguang (1843), after the opening of Shanghai, Western furniture began to spread to Shanghai. In addition to Western wood furniture, soft furniture including sofas, soft seats and spring mattresses began to open in Shanghai. The port is popular.
Shanghai's earliest imitation of Western furniture companies, including sofas, was founded by Taichang Woodware Co., Ltd. in 1871, British Commercial Xiangtai Muxing, founded in 1884, and British Commercial Welfare Company in 1885. In 1888, Fenghua was founded by Mao Maolin, a woodworking self-employed individual. Shop, in 1905, the American Art Decoration Co., Ltd., founded by the British businessman Hex, began to produce Western high-end furniture including sofa soft chairs.
During the period of the Republic of China, the four major businesses of “First Shiâ€, “Yong’anâ€, “Daxin†and “New New†on Nanjing Road were established successively, all with furniture department, production and distribution of western furniture such as sofas.
In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), American businessmen brought in a full set of advanced soft mattress production equipment and materials from the United States, and set up a "Si Mengsi" mattress company in Shanghai to produce spring mattresses. This is the earliest mattress brand in China, and even people still think that "Ximengsi" refers to all spring mattresses.
In 1936, Zhang Xiaoxing, the Chinese employee of the company, came out from the “Anmiansi†machine mattress factory. “Empressus†may be the earliest national brand mattress in China.
In the meantime, in addition to the purchase of foreigners, such as sofas and other soft furniture, local wealthy giants, Westernization bureaucrats and newcomers have used this as a fashion, making the sofa popular. Due to the lack of domestic support at the time, the raw materials for the production of soft furniture were mainly imported, the springs came from Britain and France, the brown silk came from India, and the fabrics were imported from Europe and America. The feet are made of solid wood such as mahogany, teak, and pine, so the price is expensive and can be purchased by ordinary citizens.
After entering the 20th century, soft furniture has been further developed, and a number of professional households and self-employed households have emerged.
In the 20s and 30s of the last century, there were more than 100 professional sofa manufacturers in Shanghai. In addition to producing sofas with Western-style furniture companies, they also accept custom sofas from the Grand Hotel.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the sofa industry was sluggish, and it was revived after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. The Shanghai Sofa Industry Association was established. On the eve of liberation, there are more than 200 sofa manufacturers in Shanghai. The variety of sofas is generally two sets of single sofas plus one couch for a suit. The style is divided into an all-inclusive sofa and a wooden sofa. The wooden handrail is wood and painted with wax. Most of the fabrics are imported leather.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, because the past dignitaries, capitalists and other classes have ceased to exist, the party and government leaders of the new regime have just turned from a supply system to a wage system, and wages are generally low, while senior intellectuals left behind by the old society Retained high wages, but did not dare to pursue enjoyment under the influence of a simple social atmosphere. Therefore, soft furniture such as sofas and mattresses lost their market, and enterprises stopped production. Only a few were retained mainly as hotel hotels and institutional groups. Custom sofas, soft chairs and other products.
During the “Cultural Revolutionâ€, sofas, spring mattresses and mahogany furniture became the symbol of the bourgeois lifestyle, and also the object of “breaking the four oldsâ€. In particular, many “money-funding†or “reactionary academic authorities†were swept out. When the "Five-Seven Schools" were decentralized, these bulky sofas and mattresses were cheaply sent to the thrift store. One of my workers bought a "Si Mengsi" mattress from the Huaihai Road junk shop. It only took a few tens of dollars to make him excited for a while, because the mattress was still rare after that. It is not easy to enjoy the opportunity.
After the reform and opening up, the first wave of sofas was set up in the Pearl River Delta adjacent to Hong Kong.
Especially in Longjiang, Shunde, Dongguan, Houjie and other places, farmers who wash their feet on the field have become the main force in spreading the skills of sofas by working in foreign-funded enterprises or by dissecting sofas. They are going northward and renting sheds on the spot. The production and sale of machines on the spot made people's enthusiasm for sofa consumption released for decades. In 1983, my old classmate Liu Dingzhi wrote a booklet entitled "Sofa Making" published in Hunan Science and Technology Press. The number of prints is still very impressive, just to cater to the sofa manufacturing and consumption boom of this period.
At the turn of the century, world-renowned sofa brands such as “Hua Daliâ€, “Digao†and “Latuz†(Natuzi) settled in China, seized the Chinese market and used China’s land and labor advantages to produce sofa sales. worldwide. Well-known brands such as “Gujia Craftsâ€, “Left and Rightâ€, “Yifengâ€, “Spiral†and “Ai Ruisi†have increased their scale, quality, style and brand influence as never before, and mattresses are also So, I won't go into details here.
Recalling the past, China's soft furniture manufacturing industry is in the golden age of prosperity.
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