Generally, the energy consumption of servers and storage accounts for 30% to 50% of the total energy consumption of the data center. The energy consumption of power supply, cooling, and humidification equipment directly affects the total energy consumption level of the data center.
According to statistics, at present, 50% of data centers are obviously difficult to meet the needs of power supply and cooling. The large number of blade servers makes this phenomenon more common: on the one hand, the power supply of data centers is insufficient, on the other hand, cooling has It may also cause a lot of energy waste.
The traditional large-scale refrigeration system solves the local hot spots in the computer room by cooling the entire computer room. The overall temperature of the computer room is reduced to a standard level. The temperature of the equipment is also within the safe range, which can ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment. However, due to the different density of equipment in the computer room, if the entire computer room is blindly cooled, it will cause excessive cooling, which wastes power resources and increases additional expenses.
Power supply planning The power supply planning of the data center should meet the current power supply capacity requirements while fully considering the expansion needs of long-term business development. When conditions permit, the high-voltage mains power supply of two different substations should be equipped with self-provided generators. Each high-voltage mains power supply and generator backup power supply should be able to bear the full load in the data center.
The distribution system construction of the data center should fully consider the characteristics of phased construction or gradual internal transformation in the later stage, and the feasibility of stepwise implementation should be considered in the design to avoid the adverse impact of the late construction on the pre-production environment.
Emergency power supply In order to ensure that the power supply of key equipment is not interrupted when the mains power is interrupted, the data center should prepare its own generator as a backup power source. The capacity and quantity of self-provided generator equipment should be calculated and configured according to the actual load and type, and at the same time, the load required for the future expansion of the diesel generator set must be considered.
In order to meet the high reliability requirements of the data center for the power supply system, the low-voltage power distribution system should take the necessary technical measures to eliminate the hidden dangers of various faults that may appear on the UPS and the output end. The effective method is to configure the uninterruptible power supply "dual bus output" distribution system. In the configuration of transformer capacity, 100% redundant hot backup of the transformer load should also be considered. When conditions permit, a dedicated transformer should be considered independently, and the possibility of future expansion of the low-voltage system should also be considered.
Taking into account the economy, the planning and design of the system should be based on the different levels of electricity safety and reasonable configuration ** uninterruptible power supply system. The economic and reasonable redundancy mode should be considered in the early stage, and it can be upgraded to 2n parallel dual bus redundancy (or higher security level) mode according to actual needs in the later stage.
The power supply of the precision air-conditioning system in the equipment room should be an independent dual-circuit power distribution system. The precision air-conditioning equipment in the same area adopts a grouped power supply method to avoid the occurrence of large-scale simultaneous power supply interruptions and ensure that the air-conditioning equipment operates 365 days × 24 hours a year.
The lightning protection of the lightning protection and grounding data center should meet the requirements of Class A of the "Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Electronic Information Systems in Buildings", and it should have complete building lightning protection and lightning protection devices. Good lightning protection and grounding can protect the building from the threat of lightning. At the same time, further measures should be taken (such as grounding, outdoor lightning control technology, etc.) to avoid secondary damage or interference to the it system caused by lightning.
Install the first-level surge protector (spd) on the low-voltage busbar of the substation and distribution room. The second-level surge should be installed in the uninterruptible power supply input distribution cabinet, the uninterruptible power supply output cabinet, and the precision air conditioning distribution cabinet in the data center equipment room Protectors, three-level surge protectors should be installed in the pdu, and all other outdoor-related power distribution equipment and lines should be installed with first-level surge protectors.
The computer system grounding requires a common grounding system. If there are special requirements, safety protection ground, anti-static ground, AC working ground (neutral ground), DC logic ground and lightning protection ground terminal can be left. The design of the grounding device should meet the requirement that the grounding resistance value is less than 1 ohm.
Refrigeration planning The goal of the precision air conditioning system in the data center computer room is to ensure that the temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of the data center computer room environment meet the requirements of relevant specifications and standards, to provide a reliable operating environment for the data center computer room equipment, to ensure uninterrupted safe operation of the equipment, and Ensure the positive pressure in the data center computer room, prevent the infiltration of untreated air or harmful gases from the outside, and the retention of smoke or mixtures in the data center computer room. It must also meet the daily office requirements of data center staff.
The fundamental purpose of cooling is to effectively remove the heat generated by the IT rack. The traditional air-conditioning equipment for the computer room can well guarantee the evenly distributed and low-density equipment's heat dissipation, but it is this design that determines that it cannot completely exhaust the hot air generated by the current high-density application. The design of air flow organization is more important than the selection of refrigeration equipment. In order to solve the cooling problem of high-density racks, the rack cooling scheme is more effective, which can reduce the running power of fans and prevent the mixing of cold and hot air.
When the centralized cooling source is used for the cold source, terminal and pipeline configuration, if there is the possibility of capacity expansion in stages, the corresponding measures for capacity expansion construction should be considered on the main road under the condition of non-stop drainage. When a centralized cooling source is used, in the data center computer room, the chilled water pipeline should be a ring-shaped pipe network, and segmented valves should be set according to the system's redundant capacity to facilitate maintenance and capacity expansion.
When the cooling source of the precision air conditioning system in the data center is a centralized cooling source and the pipeline network is put into operation, in addition to the capacity expansion capacity of the centralized cooling source, system pipeline network, and terminal devices that have been reserved in the original design, the excess capacity should be increased. Adopt the method of dispersing cold source. The system should consider the redundant design, and adopt the equipment backup mode of not less than n + 1 according to the specific conditions of the cold source and the terminal device. The cooling source and cooling method of the precision air conditioning unit in the data center computer room can be generally divided into air-cooled, water-cooled, and dual-cooled source units. The design of large air volume and small enthalpy difference is generally adopted, and electric humidifiers and electric heaters are configured as needed.
The air flow organization data center computer room generally adopts the air flow organization method of under-floor air supply and upper air return. Both the air supply channel and the air return channel can be provided with air outlets at desired locations. For the lower air supply method, the raised floor is generally used as the static air supply box. The height of the raised floor should be determined based on the load density and the data center room area.
The number of floor air inlets should be able to ensure that each server rack has sufficient cooling air volume. The location of the air supply vent should be set at the air inlet of the server rack. The wind speed of the floor air supply vent should reach 1.5 ~ 3.0 m / s. According to relevant regulations, the temperature difference of the supply air should be controlled at 6 ℃ ~ 10 ℃.
The fresh air and fire exhaust should consider the cleanliness requirements of each area of ​​the data center, maintain the positive pressure of the data center computer room, and configure the fresh air system of the data center computer room reasonably. The smoke prevention and exhaust system and the accident ventilation system of the data center computer room should be considered in accordance with the corresponding fire codes, and the corresponding smoke exhaust zones and corresponding fire valves should be set according to the specifications.
When a gas fire extinguishing system is used, a cut-off air valve that can be automatically closed when the gas fire-fighting action is initiated should be installed on the air pipe entering and leaving the data center computer room. A pressure relief device capable of preventing the overpressure damage of the enclosure structure due to gas release should be installed at the outer wall or appropriate partition wall.
For the cooling and power supply of high-density data centers in computer room facilities, there are the following suggestions.
1. Specifying a higher density than the actual need for the data center will unnecessarily reduce the available space of the IT equipment. Effectively planning density and deploying high-density power and cooling systems only when needed are critical.
2. The best way is to install power and cooling equipment according to the line or area, and no longer change or reconfigure it in the work life cycle of the line or area. Human errors are the main cause of data center failures, and adjustments to equipment in operation are the main cause of downtime.
3. In a typical design, the rack power density peak / average ratio in the row should be approximately 2. If the expected actual rack power density peak / average ratio in the row is greater than 2, it is recommended to spread the maximum density it load among the racks. Limit the peak / average ratio, or redistribute unrelated loads to other rows.
4. When planning for the rows or areas of the data center to be deployed in the future, the maximum density value in the worst case should be fully considered, and the main wires and pipelines should be pre-installed and support this density. However, the selection of actual power and cooling equipment for these lines should be postponed until the deployment density and planning are determined.
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