Natural rubber is a world-famous industrial raw material. The only countries in the world that can produce natural rubber are Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and a few other countries. This contradiction between supply and demand encourages countries all over the world to list natural rubber as an important strategic material, and mentions the strategic height. . China's natural rubber market has fallen into a vicious circle since last year: On the one hand, the dependence on the international natural rubber market has continued to increase, and will continue to increase with the accession to the WTO; on the other hand, due to the accession to the WTO, domestic natural rubber The price has dropped from 10,000 yuan/ton at the beginning of last year to 7,000 yuan/ton now, and it is far from showing signs of a “bear marketâ€. Therefore, in the face of WTO, it is imperative to adjust and reform, prosper and develop China's natural rubber market.
First, the output is difficult to increase At present, China has more than 400 various types of natural rubber processing enterprises, product varieties have more than 10; the rubber used, the standard rubber accounted for 80%, accounting for 5% of tobacco, latex accounted for 10%, other It is 5%.
Although the production of natural rubber in China has increased from 200 tons per year in the 1950s to 490,000 tons per year in 2000, due to the poor planting climate in natural rubber producing areas in China, typhoons and cold currents are frequent, which has to some extent limited With the expansion of the open plastic garden area and the further increase in production, it has been difficult for the area of ​​the rubber-planted garden in China to exceed 10 million mu (66 million hectares) in a certain period of time. The increase in production mainly depends on the replacement of fine tree species and the adoption of scientific planting methods. Even so, the maximum theoretical production of natural rubber in China is only 700,000-800,000 tons. At present, China's natural rubber planting area ranks fourth in the world, and its output ranks fifth in the world.
Second, the gap between supply and demand greater consumption of natural rubber in China with the rapid development of China's rubber industry and growth. In 2000, the rubber consumption exceeded 2 million tons, ranking second in the world, accounting for 11% of the world's total rubber consumption, of which natural rubber consumption was 1.03 million tons.
From the comparison of natural rubber consumption and production volume, it can be seen that there is a large gap between the supply and demand of China's natural rubber, so the country must import a large amount of natural rubber every year to meet the needs of domestic rubber industry production.
China currently adopts quota management on the import of natural rubber, and is subject to the dual management of the "Provisions on the Configuration of Imports of Major Agricultural Products" issued by the State Development Planning Commission and the "Import License for the People's Republic of China" issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. Imported natural rubber is mainly from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and some from Vietnam, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka. The imported varieties are mainly 3#, 1# cigarette glue, 20#, 10# rubber, and high ammonia concentrated latex, which are mainly used for the production of radial tires, aviation tires, military products, condoms and latex gloves.
China's natural rubber trading is still based on spot trading. At present, there are only futures trading markets in Shanghai, and the annual transaction volume is not large. In addition, some rubber websites and rubber trading companies also launched online transactions, but the number is not large.
China adopts a national reserve rotation system for natural rubber, and the annual quantity is about 20,000 to 40,000 tons. It will be stored at the same time as Chenjiao, which will not only adjust the market surplus, but also stabilize the price of rubber.
According to analysis, China's rubber industry will develop steadily in the next 5-10 years, with an average growth rate of 5%-7%. In 2005, the total consumption of rubber in the country will reach 2.45 million tons, of which 1.15 million tons of natural rubber; The total consumption is 2.95 million tons, including 1.33 million tons of natural rubber. As China's natural rubber production can not be greatly improved, therefore, China's dependence on the international natural rubber market will further increase.
Third, the impact of accession to the WTO and countermeasures China's government has promised that after joining the WTO, within 4 years to cancel the natural rubber import quotas, import tariffs from the current 25% to about 20%. At the same time, during the transitional period, the management of quotas will also be changed according to the provisions of the WTO: from the current absolute quotas to tariff quotas, that is, in-quota imports can enjoy preferential tariffs, and additional imports can enjoy normal tariffs. At the same time, according to the principle of non-discrimination, it is not possible to arrange country policy quotas, but global quotas; nor can quotas be divided into general trade, feed processing, and special quotas for border trade, but only one quota; The trade method is full caliber quota. In addition, it will also cancel the authorized agencies to adopt a first-level management, that is, the State Development Planning Commission will directly issue quotas to the enterprises; the “second license†will be changed to “a licenseâ€, and the enterprises will be able to directly declare customs with quotas; Compared with the previous year, there has been a certain increase.
The raw materials and equipment used in the rubber industry in our country are relatively complete and the cost is relatively low. Therefore, after China's accession to the WTO, it will be beneficial to expand the export of rubber products in China, which can drive the increase in the quantity of imported natural rubber needed for processing materials. In addition, there will be a large increase in foreign investment into China, which will further accelerate the pace of economic development in China, thus promoting the development of the rubber industry. The consumption of natural rubber for domestic consumption will also increase.
Due to the lack of domestic natural rubber production, China's imports of natural rubber will certainly have greater growth, and will certainly have a major impact on the domestic natural rubber market and the production of natural rubber. In other words, the integration of natural rubber in the domestic and foreign markets will make the production of domestic natural rubber face enormous challenges. As we all know, due to historical reasons, the production cost of domestic natural rubber is nearly twice as high as the cost of major rubber-producing countries in foreign countries, and the ratio of direct production cost to indirect production cost is approximately 1:1. Corporate social burden is excessive. If calculated by direct production costs, the cost of natural rubber production in China will not be much higher than in foreign countries. Therefore, the main task facing natural rubber manufacturers is to reduce indirect production costs and improve product competitiveness. At the same time, China's natural rubber primary processing products are too single, the consistency and stability of quality are also different from those of foreign products, and they cannot meet the quality requirements of some rubber products, such as radial tires, aviation tires, and condoms, but also affect China. Natural rubber market competitiveness.
China's natural rubber industry should actively carry out its work from the following aspects in order to meet the challenges of the accession to the WTO: 1. We must reduce staff and increase efficiency, transfer surplus labor force, in order to increase production efficiency and reduce costs; 2. The state issued a corresponding policy to reduce the company's Social burden, thus reducing the indirect production costs of the company; 3. Expand production scale, improve production equipment, thereby changing the current production enterprises are too small, outdated equipment, inconsistent product quality, poor stability, high cost; 4. Introduce fine tree species, Improve strains and improve rubber quality; 5. Take advantage of accession to WTO, introduce foreign investment and production management experience, so as to achieve the purpose of improving production conditions and improving product quality; 6. To adapt to market demand and actively develop and produce rubber for rubber industry. Varieties, such as rubber for radial tires (although they have been approved by the relevant departments, have not been approved by the radial tire manufacturers), rubbers for aviation tires, latexes for condoms, and low-protein latexes.
First, the output is difficult to increase At present, China has more than 400 various types of natural rubber processing enterprises, product varieties have more than 10; the rubber used, the standard rubber accounted for 80%, accounting for 5% of tobacco, latex accounted for 10%, other It is 5%.
Although the production of natural rubber in China has increased from 200 tons per year in the 1950s to 490,000 tons per year in 2000, due to the poor planting climate in natural rubber producing areas in China, typhoons and cold currents are frequent, which has to some extent limited With the expansion of the open plastic garden area and the further increase in production, it has been difficult for the area of ​​the rubber-planted garden in China to exceed 10 million mu (66 million hectares) in a certain period of time. The increase in production mainly depends on the replacement of fine tree species and the adoption of scientific planting methods. Even so, the maximum theoretical production of natural rubber in China is only 700,000-800,000 tons. At present, China's natural rubber planting area ranks fourth in the world, and its output ranks fifth in the world.
Second, the gap between supply and demand greater consumption of natural rubber in China with the rapid development of China's rubber industry and growth. In 2000, the rubber consumption exceeded 2 million tons, ranking second in the world, accounting for 11% of the world's total rubber consumption, of which natural rubber consumption was 1.03 million tons.
From the comparison of natural rubber consumption and production volume, it can be seen that there is a large gap between the supply and demand of China's natural rubber, so the country must import a large amount of natural rubber every year to meet the needs of domestic rubber industry production.
China currently adopts quota management on the import of natural rubber, and is subject to the dual management of the "Provisions on the Configuration of Imports of Major Agricultural Products" issued by the State Development Planning Commission and the "Import License for the People's Republic of China" issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. Imported natural rubber is mainly from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and some from Vietnam, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka. The imported varieties are mainly 3#, 1# cigarette glue, 20#, 10# rubber, and high ammonia concentrated latex, which are mainly used for the production of radial tires, aviation tires, military products, condoms and latex gloves.
China's natural rubber trading is still based on spot trading. At present, there are only futures trading markets in Shanghai, and the annual transaction volume is not large. In addition, some rubber websites and rubber trading companies also launched online transactions, but the number is not large.
China adopts a national reserve rotation system for natural rubber, and the annual quantity is about 20,000 to 40,000 tons. It will be stored at the same time as Chenjiao, which will not only adjust the market surplus, but also stabilize the price of rubber.
According to analysis, China's rubber industry will develop steadily in the next 5-10 years, with an average growth rate of 5%-7%. In 2005, the total consumption of rubber in the country will reach 2.45 million tons, of which 1.15 million tons of natural rubber; The total consumption is 2.95 million tons, including 1.33 million tons of natural rubber. As China's natural rubber production can not be greatly improved, therefore, China's dependence on the international natural rubber market will further increase.
Third, the impact of accession to the WTO and countermeasures China's government has promised that after joining the WTO, within 4 years to cancel the natural rubber import quotas, import tariffs from the current 25% to about 20%. At the same time, during the transitional period, the management of quotas will also be changed according to the provisions of the WTO: from the current absolute quotas to tariff quotas, that is, in-quota imports can enjoy preferential tariffs, and additional imports can enjoy normal tariffs. At the same time, according to the principle of non-discrimination, it is not possible to arrange country policy quotas, but global quotas; nor can quotas be divided into general trade, feed processing, and special quotas for border trade, but only one quota; The trade method is full caliber quota. In addition, it will also cancel the authorized agencies to adopt a first-level management, that is, the State Development Planning Commission will directly issue quotas to the enterprises; the “second license†will be changed to “a licenseâ€, and the enterprises will be able to directly declare customs with quotas; Compared with the previous year, there has been a certain increase.
The raw materials and equipment used in the rubber industry in our country are relatively complete and the cost is relatively low. Therefore, after China's accession to the WTO, it will be beneficial to expand the export of rubber products in China, which can drive the increase in the quantity of imported natural rubber needed for processing materials. In addition, there will be a large increase in foreign investment into China, which will further accelerate the pace of economic development in China, thus promoting the development of the rubber industry. The consumption of natural rubber for domestic consumption will also increase.
Due to the lack of domestic natural rubber production, China's imports of natural rubber will certainly have greater growth, and will certainly have a major impact on the domestic natural rubber market and the production of natural rubber. In other words, the integration of natural rubber in the domestic and foreign markets will make the production of domestic natural rubber face enormous challenges. As we all know, due to historical reasons, the production cost of domestic natural rubber is nearly twice as high as the cost of major rubber-producing countries in foreign countries, and the ratio of direct production cost to indirect production cost is approximately 1:1. Corporate social burden is excessive. If calculated by direct production costs, the cost of natural rubber production in China will not be much higher than in foreign countries. Therefore, the main task facing natural rubber manufacturers is to reduce indirect production costs and improve product competitiveness. At the same time, China's natural rubber primary processing products are too single, the consistency and stability of quality are also different from those of foreign products, and they cannot meet the quality requirements of some rubber products, such as radial tires, aviation tires, and condoms, but also affect China. Natural rubber market competitiveness.
China's natural rubber industry should actively carry out its work from the following aspects in order to meet the challenges of the accession to the WTO: 1. We must reduce staff and increase efficiency, transfer surplus labor force, in order to increase production efficiency and reduce costs; 2. The state issued a corresponding policy to reduce the company's Social burden, thus reducing the indirect production costs of the company; 3. Expand production scale, improve production equipment, thereby changing the current production enterprises are too small, outdated equipment, inconsistent product quality, poor stability, high cost; 4. Introduce fine tree species, Improve strains and improve rubber quality; 5. Take advantage of accession to WTO, introduce foreign investment and production management experience, so as to achieve the purpose of improving production conditions and improving product quality; 6. To adapt to market demand and actively develop and produce rubber for rubber industry. Varieties, such as rubber for radial tires (although they have been approved by the relevant departments, have not been approved by the radial tire manufacturers), rubbers for aviation tires, latexes for condoms, and low-protein latexes.
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